US Capital Gains · 2025 Tax Year
US Capital Gains Tax Calculator
Short-term vs long-term rates, NIIT surcharge, and all filing statuses. See your exact CGT bill and effective rate for 2025.
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$0 $500k
Gain type
Filing status
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Wages, business income, etc. (pre-deduction)
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Offset against gains dollar-for-dollar
CGT due
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Net gain taxed
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after losses
Effective rate
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on gross gain
Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) — 3.8% applies because your MAGI exceeds
$200,000 (single).
NIIT is calculated on the lesser of your net investment income or the excess MAGI. Already included in total.
How your capital gains tax is calculated
- Capital gain
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- = Net gain
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- = Total CGT due
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2025 long-term CGT rates — Single
| Rate | Taxable income threshold |
|---|
Key US capital gains tax rules for 2025
Long-term vs short-term
- → Long-term: assets held >1 year — taxed at 0%, 15%, or 20%
- → Short-term: assets held ≤1 year — taxed as ordinary income (10–37%)
- → Holding period starts the day after acquisition
Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT)
- → Additional 3.8% surcharge for high earners
- → Applies if MAGI exceeds $200k (single) or $250k (MFJ)
- → Applies to both short-term and long-term gains
Capital losses
- → Losses offset gains dollar-for-dollar in the same year
- → Net losses up to $3,000/year offset ordinary income
- → Unused losses carry forward indefinitely (tax-loss harvesting)
Reporting & payment
- → Report on Schedule D (Form 1040) by April 15
- → Brokers issue Form 1099-B with proceeds and cost basis
- → Collectibles (art, coins) and unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gain have special max rates